Galactic Archaeology Unveils NGC 1365
Astronomers have pioneered "galactic archaeology" to map the chemical "fossil record" of a galaxy beyond the Milky Way for the first time, reconstructing 12 billion years of its evolution through chemical fingerprints. This groundbreaking method, applied to the giant spiral galaxy NGC 1365, revealed its growth through repeated mergers with smaller dwarf galaxies, establishing a powerful new tool for understanding galactic development.